Thursday, April 29, 2010
Monday, April 26, 2010
21/4/2010
I learned about Protection Requirements which can divided into 2 categorize:
1)Basic requirements
Basic requirements is that the customer’s arrangements for protection at the connection point ,including types of equipment and protection settings ,must be compatible with standard practices on the TNB’S system and be as TNB specifies during the application for supply process.
This is especially critical for medium voltage and High Voltage Customers.
Specific Requirements
Customers shall take into consideration the following specific protection practices of TNB in designing their installation.
-Maximum clearance times (from fault current inception to fault clearing)must be within the limits established by TNB in their short circuit rating policy for the distribution system.
-Auto-resoling or sequential switching features may be used on TNB ‘s distribution system .TNB will provide details on the operating sequence utilized for the supplies on the proposed installation so that the customer can plan for this in the design and protection of his facility.
-On some TNB’s distribution system ,certain types of faults may cause disconnection of one phase only of a three phase supply.
1)Basic requirements
Basic requirements is that the customer’s arrangements for protection at the connection point ,including types of equipment and protection settings ,must be compatible with standard practices on the TNB’S system and be as TNB specifies during the application for supply process.
This is especially critical for medium voltage and High Voltage Customers.
Specific Requirements
Customers shall take into consideration the following specific protection practices of TNB in designing their installation.
-Maximum clearance times (from fault current inception to fault clearing)must be within the limits established by TNB in their short circuit rating policy for the distribution system.
-Auto-resoling or sequential switching features may be used on TNB ‘s distribution system .TNB will provide details on the operating sequence utilized for the supplies on the proposed installation so that the customer can plan for this in the design and protection of his facility.
-On some TNB’s distribution system ,certain types of faults may cause disconnection of one phase only of a three phase supply.
20/4/2010
Go through substation categories, type and design. There are 4 types of substation:
PMU-Pencawang Masuk Utama(Transmission Main Intake)
PMU is the interconnection point of 132kv or 275kv to the distribution network .The standard transmission capacity and voltage transmission provided at the PMU are as follows:
-132/33 kv,2*90mva
-132/22 kv,2*90mva
132/11 kv,2*30mva
PPU-Pencawang Pembahagian utama(Main Distribution Substation)
PPU normally applicable to 33kv for interconnection g 33kv networks with 11kv networks. It provides capacity injection into 11kv network through a standardized transformation of 33/11 kv,2*30mva
SSU-Seksyen suis utama(Main Switching Station)
SSU at 33kv,22kv,and 11kv are established to serve the following function:
To supply a dedicated bolts customer(33kv,22kv,11kv)
To provide bulk capacity injection or transfer from a PPU/PMU to a load center for further localized distribution.
P/E-Pencawang Elektrik(Distribution Substation)
P/E are capacity injection points from 11kv,22kv and sometimes 33kv systems to the low voltage network(415v,240v)Typical capacity ratings are 1000kva,750kva,500kva,300kva and 100kva.
Conventional sub-station designs are of indoor type(equipment housed in a permanent building)and outdoor type(Ground-mounted or Pole mounted)
Compact substation (11/0.45kv)has limited application and is to be strictly applied in selective situations under the following circumstances.
-System reinforcement projects for highly build up areas where substation land is difficult to acquire.
-Dedicated supply to a single or limited group of low voltage customers after careful consideration of future expansion needs of the distribution network.
The main reasons for the above application criteria are as follows :
-Compact design reduces future system flexibility in terms of network expansion.
-Compact design features ,which limits the capacity of outgoing circuits.
PMU-Pencawang Masuk Utama(Transmission Main Intake)
PMU is the interconnection point of 132kv or 275kv to the distribution network .The standard transmission capacity and voltage transmission provided at the PMU are as follows:
-132/33 kv,2*90mva
-132/22 kv,2*90mva
132/11 kv,2*30mva
PPU-Pencawang Pembahagian utama(Main Distribution Substation)
PPU normally applicable to 33kv for interconnection g 33kv networks with 11kv networks. It provides capacity injection into 11kv network through a standardized transformation of 33/11 kv,2*30mva
SSU-Seksyen suis utama(Main Switching Station)
SSU at 33kv,22kv,and 11kv are established to serve the following function:
To supply a dedicated bolts customer(33kv,22kv,11kv)
To provide bulk capacity injection or transfer from a PPU/PMU to a load center for further localized distribution.
P/E-Pencawang Elektrik(Distribution Substation)
P/E are capacity injection points from 11kv,22kv and sometimes 33kv systems to the low voltage network(415v,240v)Typical capacity ratings are 1000kva,750kva,500kva,300kva and 100kva.
Conventional sub-station designs are of indoor type(equipment housed in a permanent building)and outdoor type(Ground-mounted or Pole mounted)
Compact substation (11/0.45kv)has limited application and is to be strictly applied in selective situations under the following circumstances.
-System reinforcement projects for highly build up areas where substation land is difficult to acquire.
-Dedicated supply to a single or limited group of low voltage customers after careful consideration of future expansion needs of the distribution network.
The main reasons for the above application criteria are as follows :
-Compact design reduces future system flexibility in terms of network expansion.
-Compact design features ,which limits the capacity of outgoing circuits.
19/4/2010
Go through sub-transmission capacity planning(STCP 2008-2013;Kedah state),which is encompasses the following:
capacity/demand balance analysis of sub transmission capacity under n-1 firm capacity and group firm operational criteria.
Performance analysis of sub-transmission level and distribution network within the supply zone in terms of loading effects under normal and contingently load transferability and security level.
Summary of distribution development options related to sun-transmission capacity utilization within supply area.
Proposed PMU plant up for the planning horizon.
This report presents the findings and recommendations on PMU plant up equipment for the supply zone(SZ) up to the planning horizon 2013.
capacity/demand balance analysis of sub transmission capacity under n-1 firm capacity and group firm operational criteria.
Performance analysis of sub-transmission level and distribution network within the supply zone in terms of loading effects under normal and contingently load transferability and security level.
Summary of distribution development options related to sun-transmission capacity utilization within supply area.
Proposed PMU plant up for the planning horizon.
This report presents the findings and recommendations on PMU plant up equipment for the supply zone(SZ) up to the planning horizon 2013.
18/4/2010
Go through Load Desegregation.
The objectives of Load Desegregation viewed from the perspective of distribution planners are as follows:
The information and data will form the basis for transmission capacity planning and development.
The data will equally provide the initial data for medium term distribution system reinforcement planning and system operational study-in terms of constraints, limitations and opportunities .
The data will also serve us the basis to determine and distribution main-intake(PPU) planning to transmit transmission intakes 33kv capacity to satisfy localized development needs.
Results of the Load Desegregation will greatly indicates the pace of transmission as well as distribution system development initiatives in the next 15 years.
The objectives of Load Desegregation viewed from the perspective of distribution planners are as follows:
The information and data will form the basis for transmission capacity planning and development.
The data will equally provide the initial data for medium term distribution system reinforcement planning and system operational study-in terms of constraints, limitations and opportunities .
The data will also serve us the basis to determine and distribution main-intake(PPU) planning to transmit transmission intakes 33kv capacity to satisfy localized development needs.
Results of the Load Desegregation will greatly indicates the pace of transmission as well as distribution system development initiatives in the next 15 years.
15/4/2010
Go through Load Forecast which is used as a means of predicting future electricity demand or sales growth based on historical data.
The future electricity demand information derived will assist system planners in proposing new equipment and facilities as well as reinforcing and upgrading the existing system to meet the increasing demand.
Accurate ,Reliable and Defendable forecast will help planners in making prudent investment decision for the system expansion ,reinforcement and new plant-up.
The forecast horizon has been defined in accordance to the upcoming Malaysian Distribution code:
Short term:1-2 years
Medium term:3-5 years
Long term:6-10 years
Short term forecast is useful for operational planning and capital budgeting as well as for material procurement planning requirements.
PPU plants up proposal and Distribution network planning will use short to medium term forecast.
Alternatively ,sub-transmission capacity planning or PMU planning utilizes medium-term forecasts.
Long term provides inputs and lead time for generation plats ups ,substation sites and associated way leave identification and acquisition.
The future electricity demand information derived will assist system planners in proposing new equipment and facilities as well as reinforcing and upgrading the existing system to meet the increasing demand.
Accurate ,Reliable and Defendable forecast will help planners in making prudent investment decision for the system expansion ,reinforcement and new plant-up.
The forecast horizon has been defined in accordance to the upcoming Malaysian Distribution code:
Short term:1-2 years
Medium term:3-5 years
Long term:6-10 years
Short term forecast is useful for operational planning and capital budgeting as well as for material procurement planning requirements.
PPU plants up proposal and Distribution network planning will use short to medium term forecast.
Alternatively ,sub-transmission capacity planning or PMU planning utilizes medium-term forecasts.
Long term provides inputs and lead time for generation plats ups ,substation sites and associated way leave identification and acquisition.
14/4/2010
I have go through Electricity Supply Application Handbook and more understand about TNB’s core activities are in Generation ,Transmission , and Distribution of electricity which are being handled by its subsidiaries:
1)TNB Generation Sdn Bhd
2)TNB Transmission Network Sdn Bhd
3)TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd
Currently I’m doing my internship in TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd .TNBD divides its core activities into 3 main areas namely customer service(CS),network service(NS), and support service(SS).
Customer Service(CS):includes functions pertaining to application for supply ,billing &collection ,upgrading of services ,Kedai Tenaga Elektrik Bestari ,the Call Management Centre and other customer related activities.
Network Service(NS):Plans ,designs ,contracts ,operates and maintains the system that delivers supply to the customer.
Support Service(SS):provides synergy with Customer service and Network Service to ensure the smooth functioning of TNBD’s core activities .The support departments at the heart quarters includes Business Management ,Finance ,Engineering ,Human Resource Management ,Materials Resource Management ,Strategic Management and Customer solutions.
1)TNB Generation Sdn Bhd
2)TNB Transmission Network Sdn Bhd
3)TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd
Currently I’m doing my internship in TNB Distribution Sdn Bhd .TNBD divides its core activities into 3 main areas namely customer service(CS),network service(NS), and support service(SS).
Customer Service(CS):includes functions pertaining to application for supply ,billing &collection ,upgrading of services ,Kedai Tenaga Elektrik Bestari ,the Call Management Centre and other customer related activities.
Network Service(NS):Plans ,designs ,contracts ,operates and maintains the system that delivers supply to the customer.
Support Service(SS):provides synergy with Customer service and Network Service to ensure the smooth functioning of TNBD’s core activities .The support departments at the heart quarters includes Business Management ,Finance ,Engineering ,Human Resource Management ,Materials Resource Management ,Strategic Management and Customer solutions.
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
13-04-10
NERCC Seberang Perai
Tired ~~
Need to record so many data/value from the load bus
There are two types of data/value needed to record:
1)morning
2)night
If the value is not specified,haiz!!!! it will take times because i need to do some comparison (31 day -March for each hour)~~
After few hours,we have completed our task~~but it is quite late~~
We reached Alor Star around 615pm..
Today is my first day work overtime with no salary!!
Thank's Bali fetch me to Prai~~
Monday, April 12, 2010
6th day
En Pauzi brief us on Power Quality
This subject is very important and essential in working in TNB.
He also explanied us background,application and problem of Power Quality.
Next he explained to us by looking at http://tnbd.hq.tnb.com/tnbd/ for information.We also tried online test1 Power Quality and we got 9/10...Fuyoi~~
I have been informed that tomorrow i need to follow Kak Tipah to Penang NERCC..
Excited~~
5th day
In te morning,we are brief on Autocad and how does it works in Planning Department.Autocad can be used to draw the schematics diagram of PPU and PMU.Adept that i learned before is used to model,stimulate and analyse the system.In the evening,we are doing nothing.Very boring,so we just read materials which is borrow form En.Mazlan.Such materials is related to electrical protection,installation and power quality.I have briefly go through before going back.
Today~~because just sit in the office and the others are busy with their works..
Saturday, April 10, 2010
4th day
En.Paunzi brief us Power System Protection.There are 4 basic component in protection system-1)Translay 11kv
2)Solbar R 11kv
3)Solbar RR 38kv
4)Solbar N-current Differential
After breakfast,i went to Pencawang Masuk Sementara 132/11 kv Taman Intan,Sungai Petani which is still under construction.Technicians teach us how to read and calculate transformer reading.The steps is very tedious.
132kv
Although it was hot,but enjoyable.~~
2)Solbar R 11kv
3)Solbar RR 38kv
4)Solbar N-current Differential
After breakfast,i went to Pencawang Masuk Sementara 132/11 kv Taman Intan,Sungai Petani which is still under construction.Technicians teach us how to read and calculate transformer reading.The steps is very tedious.
132kv
Although it was hot,but enjoyable.~~
Wednesday, April 7, 2010
3rd day~~Site visit lor~~
Today i went to site visit located at PMU Jeniang,PPU Sik and Pembahagian Kuari Batu Kemelung.
This is PPU Sik.
Technicians were busy discussing about site map
Transformer
control setting of transformer
There are 4 main component in PPU such as:
1)Power Transformer
2)Lighting Arrester
3)Breakers(Red ,Blue and Yellow colour)
Line Oscillator
Outlook at PPU Sik
Insulator;Each Disk(green colour plate) carry 11kv.
Transformer(front view)
Trasmittion from PMU Sg Tiang to Bhg Pembahagian Batu Kemelung
side view
Insulator(green disk) of 33kv step down to 11 kv
Pemutar lintar(for switching)
This is PPU Sik.
Technicians were busy discussing about site map
Transformer
control setting of transformer
There are 4 main component in PPU such as:
1)Power Transformer
2)Lighting Arrester
3)Breakers(Red ,Blue and Yellow colour)
&
4)Current Transformer
Line Oscillator
Outlook at PPU Sik
Insulator;Each Disk(green colour plate) carry 11kv.
Transformer(front view)Trasmittion from PMU Sg Tiang to Bhg Pembahagian Batu Kemelung
side view
Insulator(green disk) of 33kv step down to 11 kv
Pemutar lintar(for switching)All in all,This Site visit was beneficial..
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